~环状RNA(CircRNA)属于非编码RNA，circRNA丰度高、不易被一系列酶降解和在细胞组织特异性表达的特点，一些circRNA仅仅在固定的细胞中行使功能，并且circRNAs与临床疾病有很重要的联系，所以circRNA日后能变为医学上诊疗各类疾病对象。CircRNA的功能和调控作用在动物和植物中已进行了较为广泛的研究，但在真菌中的研究尚有待努力跟进。红色毛癣菌是重要模式生物，被用来探讨病原菌及浅表致病真菌机制。本文重点鉴定了红色毛癣菌在孢子和菌丝阶段的circRNA，并着重分析了以上两个重要生长阶段中circRNA调控基因表达的生物途径，及其对红色毛癣菌生长发育的影响。 红色毛癣菌两个重要生长阶段转录组做高通量测序被发现有4254条circRNA，分别从孢子和菌丝中找到3980条和778条circRNA。利用circ-AS工具对circRNA产生的机制进行研究后发现，红色毛癣菌中存在4种可变剪切模式：即外显子跳跃(ES)，内含子保留(IR)，可选择5' 剪接位点(A5SS)和可选择3' 剪接位点(A3SS)。相同的母基因经由circ-AS模式生成各类circRNA，包括孢子和菌丝分别有94条和10条发生circ-AS模式。 在孢子和菌丝中，circRNA均呈现特异性表达，专门仅在孢子中产生的数量为3476条，在菌丝中为274条。在孢子和菌丝中存在差异表达的940个circRNA中，在孢子中上调的有930个circRNA，10个在孢子中下调。7个随机选择的显著差异表达的circRAN做PCR使用收敛引物(convergent primers)和发散引物对(divergent primers)，证实了circRAN的环状结构，证实了测序结果的高度准确性。 本文预测基于竞争性内源RNA(ceRNA)即（circRNA-miRNA-mRNA）。其中，661个DE-circRNA可吸附140个miRNA进而调控2753个靶基因。在circRNA-miRNA-mRNA调控网络中，circRNA与mRNA的表达调控方向相同，与miRNA的表达调控方向相反。这一结果提示在红色毛癣菌中circRNA可能与miRNA通过ceRNA机制共同参与基因的表达调控。对2753个靶基因GO和KEGG功能分析发现这些靶基因主要涉及RNA和核糖体的合成、加工和代谢相关的过程，以及一些小分子代谢，如核糖核蛋白复合物的生物发生，rRNA代谢过程和RNA代谢过程，RNA降解、核糖体合成、小分子分解代谢过程和羧酸代谢过程。 通过对circRNA的保守性分析发现红色毛癣菌的circRNA在11个近缘的浅表感染真菌中保守性很高，而在6个远源的动植物和线虫的模式生物中保守性较低。然而，存在一个特殊的circRNA（Tru_circ07138_001），其在11个浅表感染真菌中均保守，并且在远源的物种家鸡、线虫和棉花中的序列同源性分别高达81.08%，94.30%和81.82%。其中红色毛癣菌、家鸡和线虫中对应的母基因和其蛋白序列同源性高达90%以上，都属于多泛素相关基因家族，参加受损蛋白的蛋白水解作用。 本论文首次在全基因组水平上鉴定了红色毛癣菌的circRNA，对鉴定出的circRNA的特征、功能及产生和调控机制进行了研究。同时，研究了circRNA在近源和远源生物中的保守性。此外，通过circRNA在孢子和菌丝中差异水平变化分析了与把基因mRNA表达水平的变化关系。本文的研究结果为深入研究circRNA在红色毛癣菌中调控机制及circRNA在红色毛癣菌的生长发育中的作用奠定了基础，同时也为进一步研究红色毛癣菌及其他同源真菌的生物学特性提供了有利的线索。

~CircRNA is a non-coding RNA. CircRNA has high abundance and is not easily degraded by a series of enzymes. Some circRNAs only functions in specific cells, and circRNAs have a very important relationship with clinical diseases, so circRNA can become a medical diagnosis and treatment of various diseases in the future. The function and regulation of circRNA have been extensively studied in animals and plants, but the research in fungi needs to be followed up. Trichophyton rubrum is an important model organism, used to explore the mechanism of pathogenic bacteria and superficial pathogenic fungi. This article focuses on identifying the circRNA of T. rubrum at the spore and hyphae stage, and analyzes the biological pathways of circRNA regulating gene expression in the above two important growth stages, and its influence on the growth and development of T. rubrum. High-throughput sequencing of the transcriptome of the two important growth stages of T. rubrum revealed 4254 circRNAs, 3980 circRNAs and 778 circRNAs were found from spores and hyphae respectively. Using the circ-AS tool to study the mechanism of circRNA production, it was found that there are 4 variable splicing modes in T. rubrum: exon skipping (ES), intron retention (IR), and 5' Splice site (A5SS) and 3' splice site (A3SS). The same host gene generates various circRNAs through the circ-AS pattern, including 94 and 10 circ-AS patterns for spores and hyphae respectively. In both spores and hyphae, circRNA showed specific expression. The number specifically produced only in spores was 3476, and 274 in hyphae. Among differentially expressed 940 circRNAs, 930 circRNAs were up-regulated in spores, and 10 circRNAs were down-regulated. Seven randomly selected significantly differentially expressed circRANs used convergent primers and divergent primers for PCR, which confirmed the circular structure of circRAN and confirmed the high accuracy of the sequencing results. The prediction is based on competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) (circRNA-miRNA-mRNA). Among them, 661 DE-circRNAs can adsorb 140 miRNAs and regulate 2753 target genes. In the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, the expression regulation direction of circRNA and mRNA is the same, and the direction of expression regulation is opposite to that of miRNA. This result suggests that circRNA and miRNA may participate in gene expression regulation through ceRNA mechanism in T. rubrum. The functional analysis of the 2753 target genes GO and KEGG found that these target genes are mainly involved in the processes related to the synthesis, processing and metabolism of RNA and ribosomes, as well as some small molecule metabolism, such as the biogenesis of ribonucleoprotein complexes, rRNA metabolic processes and RNA metabolism process, RNA degradation, ribosome synthesis, small molecule catabolism process and carboxylic acid metabolism process. Through the analysis of the conservation of circRNA, it was found that the circRNA of T. rubrum was highly conserved in 11 closely related superficial infection fungi, but was less conserved in 6 distant plant, animal and nematode model organisms. However, there is a special circRNA (Tru_circ07138_001), which is conserved among 11 superficially infected fungi, and the sequence homology among the distant species chicken, nematode and cotton is as high as 81.08%, 94.30% and 81.82, respectively. Among them, the corresponding protein sequences in T. rubrum, chickens and nematodes share more than 90% homology. They all belong to the polyubiquitin-related gene family and participate in the proteolysis of damaged proteins. The circRNA of T. rubrum was identified for the first time at the whole genome level, and the characteristics, functions, production and regulation mechanisms of the identified circRNA were studied. At the same time, the conservation of circRNA in near and distant organisms was studied. In addition, the relationship between the changes in circRNA levels in spores and hyphae and the changes in mRNA expression levels of the genes was analyzed. The results of this article lay the foundation for the in-depth study of the regulation mechanism of circRNA in T. rubrum and the role of circRNA in the growth and development of T. rubrum, and also for further research on the biology of T. rubrum and other homologous fungi Features provide beneficial clues.