论文题名(中文): | 基于降阶梯思维法的急诊预检分诊分级优化方案构建和初步验证 |
姓名: | |
论文语种: | chi |
学位: | 硕士 |
学位类型: | 专业学位 |
学校: | 北京协和医学院 |
院系: | |
专业: | |
指导教师姓名: | |
校内导师组成员姓名(逗号分隔): | |
论文完成日期: | 2025-05-14 |
论文题名(外文): | Construction and Preliminary Verification of the Hierarchical Optimization Scheme for Emergency pre Inspection Grading Based on the De-escalation Therapy |
关键词(中文): | |
关键词(外文): | emergency department pre inspection grading triage scale de-escalation therapy program |
论文文摘(中文): |
背景:急诊人口的日益增多在急诊场地人员有限的条件下导致急诊过度拥挤现象愈 发严重。预检分诊作为急诊的入口环节,有效的分诊系统能快速识别潜在急危重症 患者,使患者在正确的时机、适合的治疗区域获得相应的医疗救治。 目前国外分诊 标准对 2 级和 3 级患者的识别存在分诊不准确的问题,而国内出台的一些预检分诊 标准,多为文字性描述,主观评定的参与部分较多,缺乏具体化、量化的标准。 目的:构建一个基于降阶梯思维法的急诊预检分诊分级优化方案,并进行初步验证。 方法:通过文献研究,学习国内外预检分诊标准和量表,以及急诊常见的急危重症状 体征,初步建立基于降阶梯思维法的急诊预检分诊分级优化方案;通过德尔菲法对初 步构建的急诊预检分诊分级优化方案进行重要性评价,根据专家提出的反馈进行修改, 形成最终优化方案;对 2024 年 12 月的患者数据进行方案的初步验证,确定优化方案 的最佳截值和分诊准确率。 结果:(1)文献研究结果:通过国内外文献的学习,提取常用的急诊预检按分诊标 准和工具中使用的评价指标;通过急诊常见急危重症状体征的文献检索与筛选,从重 到轻的思维逻辑确定纳入文献的症状指标,初步形成基于降阶梯思维法的急诊预检分 诊分级优化方案。(2)德尔菲法专家函询:共进行 2 轮函询,专家意见趋于一致。2 轮专家函询后,客观指标及指标值、症状指标的变异系数为 0.00~0.22 。两轮专家函 询的肯德尔协调系数(W)的显著性检验具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。最终形成了 包含 6 个必需客观指标、7 个非必需客观指标和 16 个症状指标的优化方案。(3)优 化方案的初步验证:确认客观指标预测危重症患者综合最佳截值为 1.5;识别潜在危 重症患者的灵敏度为 76. 1%、特异度为 75.3%。 结论:本研究采用文献研究、德尔菲专家函询,在降阶梯思维法的逻辑下,构建急诊 优化方案,并确定客观指标的最佳截值,细化症状指标每一级别的严重程度,为分诊 护士提供一个量化、详细的分诊标准,确保在分诊时正确识别潜在危重症患者,使其 得到及时的救治,提升急诊服务的质量和效率。 |
论文文摘(外文): |
Background: The increasing number of emergency patients has led to a more serious phenomenon of overcrowding in the emergency department under the condition of limited personnel in the emergency venue. pre inspection grading, as the entry link of the emergency department, an effective triage system can quickly identify potential critically ill patients, enabling them to receive corresponding medicaltreatment at the right time and in the appropriate treatment area. At present, there are problems of inaccurate triage in the identification of grade 2 and grade 3 patients in foreign triage standards. While some of the pre inspection grading standards issued in China are mostly textual descriptions, with more subjective assessment participation, lackingspecific and quantified standards.Objective:Construct a hierarchical optimization scheme for emergency pre inspection grading based on the de-escalation therapy method and conduct a preliminaryverification. Methods:Through literature research, by studying the domestic and international standards and scales for pre inspection grading, as well as the common acute and critical symptoms and signs in the emergency department, a preliminary hierarchical optimization scheme for emergency pre inspection grading based on the de-escalation therapy method was established; The importance of the initially constructed emergency pre inspection grading optimization plan was evaluated through the Delphi method, and it was modified based on the feedback provided by experts to form the final optimization plan. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the patient data in December 2024 to determine the optimal cut-off value and triage accur acyrate of the optimization plan. Results:(1) Literature research results: Through the study of domestic and foreign literature, the commonly used evaluation indicators in the triage criteria and tools for emergency pre inspection were extracted; Through literature retrieval and screening of common acute and critical symptoms and signs in the emergency department, the symptom indicators of the included literature were determined by the thinking logic from severe to mild, and a hierarchical optimization plan for emergency pre inspection grading based on the stepwise thinking method was initially formed. (2) Expert consultation on Delphimethod: A total of two rounds of expert consultation were conducted, and the expert opinions tended to be consistent. After two rounds of expert consultation by letter, the coefficient of variation of objective indicators and indicator values, as well as symptom indicators, ranged from 0.00 to 0.22. The significance test of Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W) for the two rounds of expert correspondence showed statistical significance (P < 0.01). Finally, anoptimization plan was formed, which included 6 necessary objective indicators, 7 non-necessary objective indicators and 16 symptom indicators. (3) Preliminary verification of the optimization scheme: retrospective analysis was used to confirm the comprehensive optimal cutoffvalue of objective indicators and identify the sensitivity and specificity of potential critically ill patients. Conclusions: This study adopted literature research and Delphi expert consultation. Under the logic of the descending step thinking method, an emergency optimization plan was constructed, and the optimal cut-off values of objective indicators were determined. The severity of each level of symptom indicators was refined to provide a quantitative and detailed triage standard for triage nurses, ensuring the correct identification of potentially critically ill patients during triage and enabling them to receive timely treatment. Improve the quality and efficiency of emergency services. |
开放日期: | 2025-06-11 |