目的：探究PUMC Ⅱb1型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）选择性胸弯融合术后短期肩平衡的影响因素，并构建回归方程以预测术后即刻肩平衡情况。方法：回顾性分析2015年1月至2021年6月诊断为PUMC IIb1型AIS并行选择性胸弯融合手术的66例患者病例资料，以术后即刻左肩高>1 cm为肩失衡标准，分为肩平衡组及肩失衡组，搜集患者一般信息，测量并计算相关影像学参数，运用独立样本t检验、ANOVA方差分析、卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法判定结果差异，并对术后即刻肩高与胸弯以及胸腰弯/腰弯进行回归分析，构建多元线性回归方程。结果：高Risser征（P=0.029）、术前胸弯Cobb角较大（P=0.033）及术前腰弯柔韧度较差（P=0.025）的AIS患者术后即刻可能更易出现肩失衡，多元线性回归分析拟合方程：术后即刻左肩高度（cm）=0.069×胸弯矫正度（°）-0.058×腰弯矫正度（°）-0.179。结论：胸弯的矫正度与胸腰弯/腰弯协调性是影响术后即刻肩平衡的重要因素，对于骨成熟度高、腰弯柔韧性差的患者，更容易出现术后肩失衡。

Methods: The case data of 66 patients with PUMC IIb1 AIS who underwent selective thoracic curvature correction and fusion surgery from January 2015 to June 2021 were studied retrospectively. Taking the left shoulder height > 1cm immediately postoperatively as the shoulder imbalance standard, they were divided into shoulder balance group and shoulder imbalance group. The general information of patients was collected, the relevant imaging parameters were measured and calculated, and the differences of results were determined by independent sample t-test, ANOVA analysis of variance, chi square test or Fisher exact probability method, regression analysis of immediate postoperative shoulder height, thoracic curvature and thoracolumbar / lumbar curvature was carried out, and the multiple linear regression equation was constructed. Results: AIS patients with high Risser sign (P = 0.029), large preoperative thoracic Cobb angle (P = 0.033) and poor preoperative lumbar flexibility (P = 0.025) may be more prone to PSI after operation. Multiple linear regression analysis fitting equation: immediate postoperative left shoulder height (CM) = 0.069 × Chest curve correction (°) -0.058 × Lumbar curve correction (°) -0.179. Conclusion: The correction coordination of thoracolumbar and thoracolumbar / lumbar is an important factor affecting the immediate postoperative shoulder balance. Patients with high bone maturity and poor lumbar flexibility are more likely to have postoperative shoulder imbalance.