【目的】

高校教师是高等教育事业的核心力量。然而，近年来高校教师的健康问题逐渐凸显，其健康状况与高校教育质量息息相关。重视高校教师的健康状况对于维护高校的稳定发展以及保障人才培养质量具有至关重要的意义。本研究通过分析高校教师的健康情况和生活方式情况，揭示高校教师在身体健康状况和生活方式方面存在的问题，并针对其提出健康建议。

【方法】

本研究运用文献研究法分析了高校教师的健康状况，并归纳了其健康特征。利用某高校的体检数据研究该校教师的健康状况，并验证了文献研究的发现。此外，通过问卷调查分析了教师的生活方式，并与非教师人群进行对比，揭示教师群体生活方式中存在的问题。

【结果】

高校教师健康状况研究结果表明：（1）高校教师主要存在慢性疾病和代谢性疾病，包括甲状腺结节（49.64%）、血脂异常（40.94%）、脂肪肝（34.96%）、超重（30.25%）、骨密度减少（29.71%）、高血压（24.28%），以及与职业相关的慢性咽炎（29.35%），患病率均高于健康体检人群。（2）健康问题在性别上存在差异，男性血脂异常、脂肪肝、高血压、高血糖等疾病检出率高于女性（P＜0.05）。女性甲状腺结节患病率明显高于男性（P＜0.05）。（3）健康问题在不同年龄段存在差异，甲状腺结节、骨密度减少、高血压、痔疮、颈动脉异常、高血糖、乳腺疾病、妇科异常以及前列腺异常在不同年龄段存在差异（P＜0.05），检出率随年龄增长而升高。

高校教师生活方式情况结果表明：（1）在静坐时间方面，初级职称教师静坐的时间比中、高级职称教师长（P＜0.05）。（2）在工作强度方面，高级职称教师工作强度比初、中级职称教师更大（P＜0.05）。（3）在运动习惯方面，青年教师和初级职称教师运动次数和运动时间都少于其他教师（P＜0.05）。（4）在压力方面，高校教师的主要压力来源是职称评定和工资薪酬等。（5）与非教师群体相比，教师群体久坐时间更长（P＜0.05），运动时间较短，运动次数也少（P＜0.05），同时，睡眠时间也少于非教师群体（P＜0.05）。教师群体承受的工作强度和压力都高于非教师群体（P＜0.05）。

【结论】

高校教师的健康问题主要是慢性疾病，同时存在不良的生活工作方式。建议采取措施，从提高健康服务、关注重点人群、改变生活方式等方面促进教师健康水平提升。

Objective: Higher education teachers are the core force of higher education. However, in recent years, the health problems of college teachers have been gradually emphasized, and their health status is closely related to the quality of education in colleges and universities. Attaching importance to the health condition of college teachers is of vital significance for maintaining the stable development of colleges and universities and guaranteeing the quality of talent cultivation.This study analyses the health and lifestyle of university teachers, identifies the problems in their health and lifestyle, and proposes recommendations for their health.

Methods: This study used the literature research method to analyse the health status of college teachers and to summarize their health characteristics. Physical examination data from one university was used to study the health status of teachers in that university, which gave the same results as the literature study. In addition, the lifestyle problems of the teacher population were revealed by analysing questionnaires from teachers and non-teachers.

Results: The results of the study on the health status of college teachers revealed that (1) the majority of college teachers exhibited a prevalence of chronic and metabolic diseases, including thyroid nodules (49.64%), dyslipidaemia (40.94%), fatty liver (34.96%), overweight (30.25%), reduced bone mineral density (29.71%), high blood pressure (24.28%), and occupationally related chronic pharyngitis (29.35%). Notably, these rates were higher than those observed in the general health check-up population. (2) There were notable differences in the prevalence of health problems by gender. Males exhibited higher detection rates of dyslipidemia, fatty liver, hypertension, and hyperglycemia than females (P < 0.05). The prevalence of thyroid nodules was found to be significantly higher in women than in men (P < 0.05). (3) The prevalence of health problems varied across different age groups. The prevalence of thyroid nodules, decreased bone density, hypertension, haemorrhoids, carotid artery abnormalities, hyperglycaemia, breast diseases, gynaecological abnormalities and prostate abnormalities differed in different age groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the detection rate increased with age.

The results of the lifestyle profile of teachers in higher education revealed that (1) in terms of sedentary time, teachers with junior titles spent more time in sedentary activities than teachers with intermediate and senior titles (P < 0.05). (2) In terms of work intensity, senior title teachers were found to work more intensely than junior and intermediate title teachers (P < 0.05). (3) In terms of exercise habits, younger and junior-title teachers exercised less frequently and for a shorter duration than other teachers (P < 0.05). (4) In terms of stress, the primary sources of stress for college teachers are title evaluation and salary and remuneration. (5) Compared with the non-teacher group, the teacher group exhibited longer sedentary time, shorter exercise time and less exercise frequency, as well as less sleep time (all P < 0.05). The teacher group also endured higher work intensity and stress than the non-teacher group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The main health problems of college teachers were chronic diseases, together with poor lifestyle and working habits. It is recommended that measures be taken to promote teachers' health in terms of improving health services, focusing on key populations, and changing lifestyles.