梓（学名：Catalpa ovata G. Don）是紫葳科梓属植物。主要分布于中国、日本、韩国，我国梓常分布于长江流域及以北地区，也有从日本引种栽培的，梓属果实称梓实，主要供药用配伍。《河北中药手册》中曾提及梓实可治慢性肾炎，浮肿，蛋白尿。现代科学研究证明梓实主要含有糖类、环烯醚萜类、苯乙醇苷类等成分，具有治疗抗氧化，浮肿，慢性肾炎，膀胱炎，肝硬化腹水等。

本论文运用多种色谱技术和波谱技术，并且结合化学方法，对梓实进行系统的化学成分研究，并对其进行了相关的活性研究。

从梓实的水提取物中共分离鉴定了98个化合物，其中有7个新化合物91个已知化合物，分离得到的98个化合物中，包括环烯醚萜及苷类 (1^*-6*, 8-46)，单萜，倍半萜，降倍半萜及苷类 (47-49, 52-54)，其他类 (50-51,55)，芳香烃类 (苯甲醛类，苯乙醇/苷类等) (56-96)，和糖 (7^*，97，98)。其中新结构分别为：catalpovatins A-F (1*-6*)，isobutyl sophoroside (7^*)。

对梓实水提取物中分离得到的单体化合物进行了细胞毒、抗炎，和降糖的药理活性筛选。细胞毒性方面，采用了MTT法测定了梓实提取得到的98个单体化合物对人体五种人肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性测定。作用结果显示梓实所有单体化合物均没有表现出细胞毒活性 (IC₅₀ > 50 μmol/L)。抗氧化方面，梓实部分单体化合物化合物中化合物36表示出明显的抗氧化活性。降糖方面，均没有明显的降糖活性。

Catalpa (Catalpa ovata G. Don) is a tree plant of the Bignoniaceae and Catalpa. Mainly distributed in China, Japan, South Korea, China's Catalpa is often distributed in the Yangtze River basin and the north of the region, there are also introduced from Japan to cultivate, the friuts of Catalpa Ovate are mainly for medicinal purposes. It is mentioned in the Chinese medicine pharmacy which can treat chronic nephritis, edema, and proteinuria. The friuts of catalpa ovate can be decocted in water from Hebei Handbook of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Scientific research has proved that  the friuts of Catalpa Ovate mainly contain sugars, iridoids, phenylethanol glycosides and other components, which have pharmacological effects in the treatment of antioxidant, edema, chronic nephritis, cystitis, cirrhosis of the liver, ascites, etc.

A total of 98 compounds were isolated and identified from the H₂O extract of the friuts of catalpa ovate. Among the 98 compounds isolated, iridoid terpenes and their glycosides (1^*-6^*, 8-46), monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, desesquiterpenes and their glycosides (47-49, 52-54), others (50-51, 55), aromatic hydrocarbons (benzaldehydes, phenylethyls/glycosides, etc.) (55-96), and sugars (7^*, 97, 98). The new structure:  catalpovatins A-F (1^*-6^*), isobutyl sophoroside (7^*)。

The monomeric compounds isolated from the aqueous extract of the fruits of Ovate Catalpa were screened for cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic activities. The MTT method was used to determine the cytotoxicity of 98 monomeric compounds extracted from the fruits of Ovate Catalpa to five human tumor cells. The results showed that none of compounds showed cytotoxic activity (IC₅₀ > 50 μmol/L). In terms of antioxidants, compound 36 showed obvious antioxidant activity. In terms of hypoglycemia, none of them showed obvious hypoglycemic activity.