| 论文题名(中文): | 早期肺癌术后复发与复发恐惧危险因素研究及基于端粒酶逆转录酶新型循环肿瘤细胞动态监测技术预警早期肺腺癌术后复发的研究 |
| 姓名: | |
| 论文语种: | chi |
| 学位: | 博士 |
| 学位类型: | 专业学位 |
| 学校: | 北京协和医学院 |
| 院系: | |
| 专业: | |
| 指导教师姓名: | |
| 论文完成日期: | 2025-05-01 |
| 论文题名(外文): | Investigating Risk Factors for Early-Stage Lung Cancer Postoperative Recurrence and Fear of Cancer Recurrence, and Applying a Novel Circulating Tumor Cell Dynamic Monitoring Method Based on Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase for Early Warning of Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Recurrence |
| 关键词(中文): | |
| 关键词(外文): | Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Fear of Cancer Recurrence Recurrence Risk Factors Lung Adenocarcinoma Circulating Tumor Cells Recurrence Minimal Residual Disease |
| 论文文摘(中文): |
第一部分 早期非小细胞肺癌患者术后复发与复发恐惧的影响因素及二者的相关性研究 方法:纳入2022年1月至2023年8月于国家癌症中心接受手术治疗的677例早期NSCLC患者。通过一般人口学调查表、疾病进展恐惧量表简版(Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form, FoP-Q-SF)、Herth希望指数量表及社会支持评定量表(Social Support Rating Scale, SSRS)收集数据,运用Logistic回归分析及限制性立方样条模型探究FCR的影响因素及非线性效应。并进一步前瞻性随访通过弹性网络回归和生存分析来识别早期NSCLC术后复发的独立危险因素、探索复发恐惧心理负担与真实复发的相关性。 结果:年龄、肿瘤大小、病理特征(如浸润性、分化程度、复杂腺体结构、神经侵犯、脉管瘤栓)以及合并的基础病均对早期NSCLC术后无复发生存期有显著影响。经过弹性网络筛选及多因素Cox回归校正后,复杂腺体结构(HR=6.890,95%CI 1.301-36.499)被识别为早期NSCLC复发的独立危险因素。多因素Logistic回归证实年龄(OR=0.392, 95%CI 0.205–0.750)、家庭人均月收入(OR=0.528, 95% CI 0.315–0.886)、希望水平(OR=0.305, 95%CI 0.187–0.496)及社会支持(OR=0.584, 95% CI 0.375–0.908)是FCR的独立影响因素。限制性立方样条模型显示希望水平(非线性P<0.001)及社会支持(非线性P=0.018)对FCR的影响存在非线性效应。在低社会支持组(≤40)中,希望水平的增加可降低FCR风险,但在希望指数36时达到饱和,进一步提升不再显著降低风险;而在高社会支持组(>40)中,希望水平达到38时由风险因素转为保护因素,且未表现出明显的饱和效应。生存分析表明,早期NSCLC术后复发低危患者中仍有31%的患者复发恐惧超出心理承受能力(失代偿状态),对复发的恐惧并不能预示真实的疾病复发。 结论:早期NSCLC复发低危患者仍有1/3左右遭受复发恐惧的严重困扰。基于限制性立方样条模型的分析证实年龄、收入、希望水平及社会支持对FCR具有显著影响,其中希望水平和社会支持与FCR呈现非线性量效关系。基于此,本研究首次提出了早期NSCLC术后复发恐惧心理负担量化分级管理策略,提出了切实可行的干预方案,填补了胸外科临床实践中常忽视患者心理负担及生活质量的短板,具有重要的指导意义。此外,影响早期NSCLC术后复发的危险因素主要为肿瘤的生物学特性,如浸润性、分期等;而影响复发恐惧的危险因素主要为患者的社会心理特征,如收入、社会支持等。病理高危因素虽然影响远期预后,但却并没有显著增加早期NSCLC患者的复发恐惧心理负担,且生存分析也表明对复发的恐惧并不能预示真实的疾病复发,因此,FCR带来的心理负担与复发导致的疾病负担构成了影响早期NSCLC患者的两个相互独立的方面。这提示亟需开发高效、动态监测的复发预警技术,兼顾高灵敏度以实现复发高危患者早期干预、高特异度以实现复发低危人群焦虑缓解,从而协同提升患者生存率并改善生活质量。这一部分内容的具体方法与策略将在本论文第二部分做详细讨论。 第二部分 基于端粒酶逆转录酶的新型循环肿瘤细胞动态监测方法预警早期肺腺癌术后复发的研究 方法:针对早期LUAD根治术后MRD监测的低瘤负荷和异质性的两大难点,本研究自主创新对I型单纯疱疹病毒进行基因改造,将HSV1病毒复制必需基因ICP4置于hTERT启动子(hTERTp)控制下,使病毒复制与宿主细胞端粒酶活性强制耦合,从而构建TERT-MRD功能检测体系。CTC具有基因突变及表面标志的异质性,而本研究设计的TERT启动子驱动的I型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV1)-GFP递送系统检测的是这些异质性细胞的共性,即无限增殖潜能,故而从根本上摆脱由CTC异质性带来的漏检、实现在低瘤负荷场景下的亚临床微转移预警。本研究将进一步通过单细胞全基因组测序(Single-Cell Whole Genome Sequencing, scWGS)和FlowSight成像验证TERT启动子递送体系捕获的细胞为肺癌细胞,并进一步通过前瞻性研究评估围手术期及随访期TERT+CTC水平的动态变化对早期LUAD术后复发转移预测的临床效能。早期LUAD术后大多数患者CTC会逐渐被清除,但少部分患者CTC会持续存在甚至定植成为转移灶。为系统解析影响CTC变化趋势的免疫调控机制,采用了全身循环免疫和局部免疫微环境双维度研究策略:一方面运用流式细胞技术定量检测TERT阳性白细胞亚群,以精准监测外周循环免疫活力状态的演变;另一方面通过肿瘤组织RNA测序技术解析局部免疫微环境特征及其动态变化规律。通过整合局部病灶与全身循环的免疫特征,立体化揭示肿瘤-免疫相互作用对术后CTC动态变化的影响。 结果:基于端粒酶逆转录酶的CTC检测方法(Telomerase-Based Circulating Tumor Cell Detection, TBCD)突破了传统ctDNA及CTC检测的技术瓶颈,实现了对早期LUAD外周血CTC的高灵敏捕获,其在I期甚至浸润前病灶的阳性检出率高达71.9%。单细胞全基因组测序(scWGS)和FlowSight成像证实了HSV1-TERT启动子递送系统对肺腺癌细胞的精准捕获。进一步通过动态监测CTC实现术后2年内亚临床复发转移预警,较传统影像学提前中位183天、最早354天预警肿瘤复发(AUC=0.9781)。在动态监测过程中,大部分早期LUAD患者(85.5%)CTC逐渐被免疫系统清除,但仍有少部分患者(14.5%)术后CTC持续存在,其中更少的患者(6.3%)会出现CTC的定植和复发转移。进一步的机制研究表明这两种截然相反的CTC的变化趋势和生物学结局受到全身循环免疫活力和局部免疫微环境的双重调控:一方面,外周免疫监视压力影响CTC的动态清除:流式细胞学结果表明,代表着循环免疫系统活力状态的外周血TERT+白细胞水平(尤其TERT+T细胞)的下降与CTC的持续阳性状态及疾病复发呈显著相关;另一方面,原发灶微环境的免疫抑制状态有利于CTC的外周播散:转录组测序提示从癌前病变进展至浸润性腺癌(Invasive Adenocarcinoma, IAC)过程中,肿瘤免疫微环境显著重塑为更有利于肿瘤侵袭转移的状态,揭示了持续CTC阳性患者在LUAD早期进展过程中原发灶免疫微环境逐渐失衡的过程。 结论:HSV1-TERT启动子递送系统重新定义了CTC检测范式,从表型筛选转向功能性捕获,避免了传统液体活检技术对瘤负荷和表型标志的高度依赖,实现I期及浸润前LUAD阳性检出率超过70%。该法之所以能突破瘤负荷限制,是因为相较于传统液体活检技术的“静态捕获”策略(依赖表面标志的CTC或特定基因突变的ctDNA),本方案通过hTERTp动态调控病毒生命周期,实现了对CTC永生化状态的“功能化动态示踪”,从根本上规避了肿瘤异质性导致的漏检风险。更重要的是,CTC作为远端转移的种子细胞,其TERT活性往往早于临床可检测的恶性表型出现,这使得我们的系统在癌症早期诊断和微转移监测中具有独特优势。前瞻性研究证实,通过动态监测早期肺腺癌患者CTC变化可高灵敏预警早期LUAD术后复发,识别复发转移的高危患者并进行早期干预改善生存。机制研究表明循环肿瘤细胞的异质性生物学行为(免疫清除与转移定植)受到外周免疫监视压力与原位免疫微环境驯化作用的协同调控。这些重要发现为早期LUAD术后复发转移的早期发现与干预策略提供了重要依据,填补了在低瘤负荷情况下监测早期LUAD术后MRD的技术空白,但仍需后续更深入的基础研究和更大规模临床应用研究进一步验证。 |
| 论文文摘(外文): |
Part I Investigating Influencing Factors of Postoperative Recurrence and Fear of Cancer Recurrence and their correlation in Patients with Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the malignancy with the highest global incidence and mortality rates. Although most early-stage NSCLC patients achieve favorable survival outcomes through surgical intervention, a subset still experiences postoperative recurrence and metastasis, highlighting the critical need to identify risk factors for postoperative recurrence. Concurrently, even non-recurrent patients face psychological burdens from cancer recurrence anxiety. Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), a prevalent psychological distress significantly impairing quality of life, may exacerbate anxiety, depression, and reduce treatment adherence. However, current research on FCR in NSCLC patients remains limited, particularly regarding its influencing factors, dose-response relationships, and longitudinal investigations into the association between subjective recurrence fears and objective tumor recurrence events. This study aims to explore the influencing factors and nonlinear effects of both postoperative recurrence and FCR in early-stage NSCLC patients, while further elucidating the overlap between objective disease recurrence burden and subjective psychological distress. The findings may provide evidence for synergistically improving survival rates and quality of life in this population.
Methods: A total of 677 patients with early-stage NSCLC who underwent surgical treatment at the National Cancer Center from January 2022 to August 2023 were enrolled. Data were collected using the general demographic questionnaire, Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), Herth Hope Index, and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline models were employed to explore influencing factors and nonlinear effects of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). Prospective follow-up was conducted to identify independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence through elastic net regression and survival analysis, while investigating the correlation between FCR burden and actual cancer recurrence.
Results: Age, tumor size, pathological characteristics (such as invasiveness, complex glandular structure, differentiation, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion) and comorbidities significantly influenced postoperative recurrence-free survival in early-stage NSCLC. After Elastic Net screening and multivariate Cox regression adjustment, complex glandular structure (HR=6.890, 95% CI: 1.301–36.499) was identified as an independent risk factor for recurrence. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that age (OR=0.392, 95% CI: 0.205–0.750), monthly income per household member (OR=0.528, 95% CI: 0.315–0.886), hope level (OR=0.305, 95% CI: 0.187–0.496), and social support (OR=0.584, 95% CI: 0.375–0.908) were independent predictors of fear of cancer recurrence. Restricted cubic spline models revealed nonlinear effects of hope level (nonlinear P<0.001) and social support (nonlinear P=0.018) on FCR. In the low social support group (≤40), increased hope level reduced FCR risk but reached saturation at a hope index of 36, beyond which further improvement showed no significant benefit. In the high social support group (>40), hope level transitioned from a risk factor to a protective factor at a threshold of 38, without apparent saturation effects. Survival analysis demonstrated that 31% of low-recurrence-risk early-stage NSCLC patients exhibited fear of recurrence exceeding psychological tolerance (decompensated state), and such fear did not predict actual disease recurrence.
Conclusions: Approximately one-third of low-recurrence-risk early NSCLC patients suffer severe FCR. RCS-based analysis confirmed age, income, hope, and social support as significant FCR determinants, with non-linear dose-response relationships. Based on these findings, this study proposes a novel stratified management framework for FCR in post-operative NSCLC patients, accompanied by evidence-based intervention protocols. This approach addresses the longstanding clinical oversight of psychological distress in thoracic surgery practice, providing valuable guidance for improving quality of life. Notably, while tumor biological characteristics (e.g., invasiveness, staging) predominantly influence postoperative recurrence risks, psychosocial factors (e.g., income, social support) drive FCR. Pathological high-risk factors, though prognostic for long-term outcomes, did not exacerbate FCR. Survival analysis further demonstrated that the fear for recurrence does not predict actual disease recurrence, indicating that the psychological burden from FCR and the recurrence-related disease burden constituted two independent aspects influencing patients with early-stage NSCLC, highlighting the urgent need for developing high-efficiency, dynamically monitored recurrence warning technologies. Such systems should balance high sensitivity (enabling early intervention for high-recurrence-risk patients) and high specificity (alleviating anxiety in low-recurrence-risk populations) to synergistically improve survival rates and quality of life. Detailed methodologies and implementation strategies for this approach are elaborated in Part II of this thesis. |
| 开放日期: | 2025-05-30 |