研究目的
在我国近年来医疗服务价格改革的政策背景下，深入探讨医疗服务价格与医疗服务需求量的关系，对不同类型医疗服务和不同医疗服务项目的需求价格弹性进行实证研究，为推进医疗服务价格改革和建立价格动态调整机制等提供参考依据。
研究内容
系统梳理我国医疗服务价格改革现状；以北京市医疗服务价格改革为例，分析北京市医疗服务价格改革对医疗收入及结构的影响；测算不同类型医疗服务的需求价格弹性；测算不同医疗服务项目的需求价格弹性；检验医疗服务需求价格弹性测算结果的稳健性。
研究方法
通过文献研究法，总结国内外医疗服务需求价格弹性研究现状，梳理我国医疗服务价格改革现状；采用抽样调查法，选择符合筛选标准的医疗服务项目和满足数据要求的医疗机构；采用经典的弹性分析法，利用弧弹性公式测算不同类型医疗服务和不同医疗服务项目需求价格弹性；采用比较分析法，对医疗服务项目需求价格弹性测算结果进行稳健性检验；采用描述性统计和非参数检验等统计分析方法对研究结果进行分析和检验。
研究结果
2016—2019年北京市三级医院、二级医院和基层医院医疗收入平均增长率分别为5.95%、3.98%和15.53%。医药分开综合改革后公立医院药费占比持续下降，医事服务费占比显著提高，检查费小幅降低，化验费、治疗费占比小幅提高。医耗联动综合改革后医院手术费占比明显提高，卫生材料费占比小幅降低。
本研究测算得到门急诊与住院服务、不同级别医生门诊服务、CT与核磁检查、针灸与按摩（推拿）、病理检查和住院手术等不同类型医疗服务需求价格弹性。其中，门急诊服务需求价格弹性为-1.1958，其余各类医疗服务需求价格弹性范围为-0.5282—0.9336。
本研究测算得到共计22项医疗服务项目需求价格弹性。其中，走罐治疗、刮痧治疗、血栓弹力图试验和染色体核型分析需求价格弹性分别为-1.5284、-3.7669、-1.2688和-2.7144，其余18项医疗服务项目需求价格弹性范围为-0.9511—0.5456。
研究结论
不同类型医疗服务和不同医疗服务项目需求普遍缺乏价格弹性，但是本研究中发现门急诊服务和走罐治疗、刮痧治疗、血栓弹力图试验和染色体核型分析4项医疗服务项目等部分医疗服务需求富有价格弹性。同时，本研究还发现部分医疗服务需求价格弹性结果为正值，这意味着当提高该部分医疗服务价格时其需求量随之增长。综上所述，本研究表明不同类型医疗服务和不同医疗服务项目的需求量对于价格变化的敏感程度不同。本研究在我国医疗服务价格改革的政策背景下，以经济学中经典的需求价格弹性理论为支撑，通过弧弹性分析的方法，测算得到北京市不同类型医疗服务和不同医疗服务项目需求价格弹性结果，为医疗服务需求价格弹性研究提供了新的经验证据，对于医疗服务项目价格调整具有一定的指导意义。

Objective:
This study aims to deeply explore the relationship between price adjustment and demand for health care services under the background of health care service price reform in China in recent years. Empirical research on the price elasticity of demand was conducted to provide a reference for promoting the reform of health care service prices and establishing a dynamic price adjustment mechanism.
Contents:
Systematically sorted out the status quo of health care service price reform in China. Analyzing the impact of Beijing health care service price reform on health care income and structure. Calculating the price elasticity of demand for different types of health care services. Calculating the price elasticity of demand for different health care services. Testing the robustness of the calculation results of the price elasticity of demand for health care services.
Methods:
Literature review was applied to summarize the research status of domestic and sort out foreign health care service demand price elasticity, the current situation of health care service price reform in China. The arc elasticity calculation formula was used to calculate the demand price elasticity of different types of health care services and different health care service items. The sampling survey method was used to select health care service items meeting the screening criteria and health care institutions meeting the data requirements for analysis and research. The comparative analysis method was used to test the robustness of the calculation results of the price elasticity of demand for health care services. Descriptive statistical methods, non-parametric tests and other statistical analysis methods were used to analyze and test the research results.
Results:
From 2016 to 2019, the average growth rates of health care income of tertiary hospitals, secondary hospitals and primary hospitals in Beijing were 5.95%, 3.98% and 15.53%, respectively. After the comprehensive reform of the separation of medicines, the proportion of public hospitals' drug expenses continued to decline, the proportion of health care service fees increased significantly, the proportion of examination fees decreased slightly, and the proportion of laboratory fees and treatment expenses increased slightly. After the comprehensive reform of health care consumption linkage, the proportion of hospital operation expenses has increased significantly, and the proportion of health materials expenses has decreased slightly.
The price elasticity of demand for different types of health care services, such as outpatient and emergency services, inpatient services, doctor outpatient services at different levels, CT and MRI examinations, acupuncture and massage (tuina), pathological examinations, and clinical operations, was calculated using the health care reform monitoring data in Beijing. The price elasticity of demand for outpatient and emergency services was -1.1958. The price elasticity of demand for other types of health care services ranged from -0.5282 to 0.9336.
The demand price elasticity of a total of 22 health care service items were calculated. The price elasticity of demand for cupping therapy, scraping therapy, thrombelastography test and karyotyping analysis were -1.5284, -3.7669, -1.2688 and -2.7144, respectively. The price elasticity of demand for the remaining health care services items ranged from -0.9511 to 0.5456.
Conclusions:
The demand for different types of health care services and different health care service items generally lacked price elasticity, but this study found that the demand for some health care services were price elastic, such as outpatient and emergency services, cupping therapy, scraping therapy, thromboelasticity
V
Graph test and karyotype analysis 4 health care services. At the same time, this study also found that the price elasticity of demand for some health care services were positive, which meant that when the prices of these health care services were increased, the demands increased accordingly. To sum up, this study showed that the demand for different types of health care services and different health care service items had different sensitivity to price changes. Under the policy background of health care service price reform in China, this study was supported by the classic theory of demand price elasticity in economics, and through the method of arc elasticity analysis, the results of the demand price elasticity of different types of health care services and different health care service items in Beijing were calculated. This study provided new empirical evidence for the research on the price elasticity of health care service demand, and had certain guiding significance for the price adjustment of health care service items.