目的：通过问卷调查了解我国疼痛专科神经病理性疼痛（neuropathic pain, NP）诊疗现状及科室建设现状。

方法：在2023年6月1日至2023年12月1日期间由国家疼痛质控中心对其哨点医院开展基于问卷调查的横断面研究。问卷由中华医学会疼痛学分会和中国医师协会疼痛科医师分会的专家团队共同制定。调研内容包括疼痛科常见NP诊疗情况和科室建设情况。回收问卷由研究团队进行审核和整理，资料采用双人核查。对不同级别医院、不同地域间NP诊疗情况和疼痛科建设情况进行统计描述及差异性分析。对地区人口和经济因素与NP诊疗量之间的关系进行相关性分析。采用线性回归模型初步分析疼痛科建设情况与NP诊疗量的关系。

结果：共纳入27个省、直辖市、自治区的145家医院。调查结果显示：

1.神经病理性疼痛诊疗情况：三级医院及经济较为发达地区的NP诊疗量更高。地区人口、生产总值、人均生产总值与NP门诊量（r=0.30，p=0.000313）和住院患者数量（r=0.28，p=0.0005348）之间呈正相关。老年组三种常见NP患者数量高于中青年组。在NP评估方面，视觉模拟评分法（Visual Analogue Scale, VAS）/数字分级评分法（Numerical Rating Scale, NRS）应用最多，使用率为93%。特异性NP评估工具使用率为79%，情绪评估工具为57%，应用相对较少。78%的疼痛科认为ID-Pain量表最适合老年人。在治疗方面，药物联合治疗是主要治疗策略，应用率为95%。应用较多的治疗方法是神经阻滞和脉冲射频，应用率分别为97%及95%。脊髓电刺激应用较少，应用率为68%。

2.疼痛科建设情况：本研究中疼痛科，中位床位数30张，拥有仪器设备中位数5种，中位医生与护士数分别为8名和11名，中位医生床位比0.3，中位护士床位比0.34。设有固定的神经病理性疼痛MDT的疼痛科比例为53%。三级医院疼痛科在医师学历、职称及教学科研能力方面优于二级医院。经济较发达地区在疼痛科基础设施、医师数量、制度建设及教学科研方面更具优势。

3.疼痛科建设与NP诊疗量的关系：疼痛科医生数、神经病理性疼痛MDT的设置、疼痛科门诊量及三年内疼痛科发表文章总数与NP的门诊量正相关。神经病理性疼痛MDT的设置、疼痛科住院患者人数与NP住院患者人数正相关。

结论：老年常见NP诊疗量在不同等级医院和地区间存在差异。疼痛评估中VAS/NRS最常用，特异性及情绪评估工具使用相对不足。治疗中药物联合治疗是主要治疗方案。疼痛学科发展方面三级医院和经济发达地区具优势，但整体还有待提高。疼痛科的诊疗量、MDT设置、医师数量及科研产出可能有助于提高NP诊疗量。

Objective: To investigate the current status of the diagnosis and treatment of neuropathic pain (NP) and pain department infrastructure in China through a questionnaire survey. Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1, 2023, to December 1, 2023, through the National Pain Quality Control Center and its sentinel hospitals. The questionnaire was developed by expert panels from the Chinese Medical Association Pain Society and the Chinese Pain Physician Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association. It covered common NP management practices and pain department infrastructure. Returned questionnaires were double-reviewed by the research team. Descriptive statistics and comparative analyses were performed across hospital tiers and regions. Correlation analyses assessed associations between regional demographic and economic factors and NP caseloads. Linear regression explored the relationship between pain department development and NP caseloads. Results: A total of 145 hospitals across 27 provinces were included. Key findings were as follows: 1. status of the diagnosis and treatment of NP：Tertiary hospitals and economically developed regions had higher NP case volumes. Regional population, gross domestic product (GDP), and regional GDP were positively correlated with NP outpatient volume (r=0.30, p=0.000313) and inpatient volume (r=0.28, p=0.0005348). Older adults accounted for more NP cases than younger adults. VAS/NRS were the most used assessment tools (93%). NP-specific tools were used by 79% of pain departments, and mood scales by 57%. 78% of pain departments selected the ID-Pain questionnaire as most suitable for elderly patients. Combination pharmacotherapy was the main treatment strategy with 95% application rate. Nerve blocks and pulsed radiofrequency were used by 97% and 95% of pain departments, respectively. Spinal cord stimulation was used by 68%. 2. Pain department development: Median ward bed count of pain departments was 30; median number of device types was 5; median physician and nurse counts were 8 and 11, respectively. Physician-to-bed and nurse-to-bed ratios were 0.30 and 0.34. 53% of pain departments had a dedicated NP multidisciplinary team (MDT). Tertiary hospitals outperformed secondary hospitals in physician qualifications, professional titles, and academic capacity. Economically developed regions had superior infrastructure, staffing, institutional frameworks, and research output. 3. Impact of pain department development on NP caseloads: The establishment of MDT for NP, higher outpatient volume, more publications within three years, and more physicians,were positively associated with NP outpatient visits. The establishment of MDT for NP and the number of inpatients were positively correlated with NP inpatient volume. Conclusion: The diagnosis and treatment of common NP in older adults varied by hospital level and region. Pain intensity scales were most commonly used for assessment, while specific and emotional screening tools were underutilized. Pharmacological combination therapy was the main treatment strategy. Tertiary hospitals and economically developed regions showed advantages in pain department infrastructure, but overall capacity remained insufficient. Higher NP case volume was associated with MDT setup, number of physicians, and research output