中药材基原植物品种选育制约着中药材的发展。其中，黄芪和板蓝根作为我国传统大宗中药材，在扶正解毒散、蓝芩口服液等中成药中常作配伍应用。黄芪来源于豆科植物蒙古黄芪和膜荚黄芪的干燥根，具有补气升阳、固表止汗、利水消肿之功效，其基原植物在我国多地均有分布，主要栽培于山西、甘肃、内蒙古等地区。生产中的蒙古黄芪栽培种质主要源于种子市场及种植户的自发流通调配，缺乏系统性的选育品种。本研究从蒙古黄芪的主产区内蒙古、山西、甘肃、河北和宁夏收集了地方栽培种质20份，以收获二年生和三年生的蒙古黄芪药材为考察对象，分别测定其根长、上根粗、中根粗等农艺性状；测定每小区每平米内蒙古黄芪的产量以估算其亩产量；测定蒙古黄芪中黄芪多糖、黄芪甲苷和毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的含量，综合上述三个方面对20份蒙古黄芪种质进行品质评价，以期为黄芪的生产及品种选育奠定理论基础。

板蓝根是十字花科植物菘蓝的干燥根，具清热解毒的功效，主要栽培于我国的东北、华北等地区，在全国各地均有分布。板蓝根虽具备一定种植规模，但由于其种质来源复杂，导致种质间的药材产量和品质存在显著差异。本研究收集了不同来源的10份板蓝根种质，综合产量和（R, S）-告依春有效成分含量，评价各种质在不同指标上的表现，以期评价适宜黑龙江泰来县栽培的优质种质的表现，并探究板蓝根基原植物生长最佳的氮磷钾配比和适宜的生物菌肥种类，为提升并稳定板蓝根药材的品质，优化种质资源及药材发展提供理论依据。

主要结果如下：

三年生蒙古黄芪种质的根长、上根粗、中根粗、产量与黄芪甲苷含量均高于二年生；毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量大部分种质三年生高于二年生；黄芪多糖含量指标则二年生高于三年生。不同来源种质的蒙古黄芪在根长、根粗等农艺性状、产量和有效成分含量上存在显著差异。综合来看，1号（产量和黄芪甲苷含量）、2号（黄芪甲苷含量和毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量）、9号（产量和毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量）、11号（黄芪多糖含量和毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量）和16号（黄芪甲苷含量和黄芪多糖含量）种质在两项指标上表现突出。蒙古黄芪的上根粗与中根粗之间存在极显著强相关性；产量与上根粗、中根粗之间也存在极显著的强相关；黄芪甲苷与产量和中根粗具有中等相关性；根长、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量和黄芪多糖含量与其他指标相关性不明显。

10号板蓝根种质在产量和含量上均具有一定的优势。最高产量（10号）高于最低产量的1.71倍、最高含量（10号）高于最低含量的4.60倍。不同施肥处理对板蓝根产量无显著性提升，但对（R, S）-告依春累积具有显著性差异。对板蓝根中（R, S）-告依春含量的影响依次为氮肥、钾肥和磷肥。其中，每亩施尿素4.6-9.1 kg、过磷酸钙15.2 kg和硫酸钾8.4-16.8 kg时，板蓝根产量及（R, S）-告依春含量表现均相对较佳。5种生物菌肥对板蓝根产量无显著性提升，但均可显著提升（R, S）-告依春含量，提升幅度最高可达144%。

Selection and breeding of Chinese herbal medicine basal plant species constrains the development of Chinese medicine. Astragali Radix (Huangqi in Chinese) and Isatidis Radix (Banlangen in Chinese) are the traditional Chinese medicine, which are often used together to exert therapeutic effects in Chinese patent drugs including Fuzheng Jiedu San and Lanqin Oral Liquid. Huangqi is the dried root of the legume Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao or A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. Huangqi has the effect of tonifying qi and elevating yang, fixing the surface to stop sweating, and inducing diuresis to reduce swelling. Its basal plants are distributed in many places in China, mainly cultivated in Shanxi, Gansu, Inner Mongolia and other regions. The HangQi germplasms in production mainly originates from seed markets and spontaneous distribution and deployment by growers, and lacks systematic selection and breeding of varieties. In this study, 20 germplasms were collected from five provinces, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Gansu, Hebei and Ningxia, which are the main production areas of Huangqi, and harvested biennial and triennial herbs were examined. Agronomic traits such as root length, upper root width and middle root width of Huangqi were determined respectively; the yield of Huangqi in each square meter of each plot was determined to estimate its mu yield; and the contents of Astragalus Polysacharin, Astragaloside IV and Calycosin-7-glucoside in Huangqi were determined. The above three aspects were synthesized to evaluate 20 Huangqi germplasms, with a view to laying a theoretical foundation for the agricultural production and variety selection of Huangqi.

Banlangen is the dried root of Isatis indigotica Fort. of the Cruciferae family, with the effect of clearing heat and removing toxins. Banlangen is distributed all over the country and mainly cultivated in the northeast and north China. Although it has a certain scale of cultivation, the complexity of its germplasm sources has led to significant differences in herb yield and quality among various germplasm.Ten Banlangen germplasms from different sources were collected in this study. The performance of the germplasms were evaluated in terms of yield and (R, S)-Goitrin active ingredient content in order to compare high quality germplasm suitable for cultivation in Heilongjiang, and to investigate the optimal nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) ratio and suitable biofertilizers for Banlangen growth. This will provide a theoretical basis for improving and stabilizing the quality of Banlangen, optimizing the germplasm resources and the development of medicinal herbs.

The results are as follows:

Root length, upper root width, middle root width, yield and Astragaloside IV content of Huangqi germplasms were higher in triennials than in biennials. Calycosin-7-glucoside content was higher in triennials than in biennials in most germplasm. Astragalus Polysacharin content was higher in biennials than in triennials. There were significant differences in agronomic traits such as root length and root width, yield and active ingredient content of Huangqi from different sources of germplasm. In summary, no. 1 (yield and Astragaloside IV content), no. 2 (Astragaloside IV content and Calycosin-7-Glucoside content), no. 9 (yield and Calycosin-7-Glucoside content), no. 11 (Astragalus Polysacharin content and Calycosin-7-Glucoside content) no. 16 (Astragaloside IV content and Astragalus Polysacharin content) germplasms were outstanding in two indicators. In Huangqi, there was a highly significant strong correlation between upper root width and middle root width; there was also a highly significant strong correlation between yield and upper and middle root width; Astragaloside IV had a middle correlation with yield and middle root width; and root length, Calycosin-7-Glucoside content and Astragalus Polysacharin content were not significantly correlated with other indicators.

No. 10 Banlangen germplasm had certain advantages in yield and content. The highest yield of no.10 was 1.71 times higher than the lowest yield, and the highest (R, S)-goitrin content of no.10 was 4.60 times higher than the lowest content. The different fertilization treatments did not significantly enhance the yield of Banlangen but had a significant increase in (R, S)-goitrin accumulation. The effects on the content of (R, S)-goitrin in Banlangen were in the form of nitrogen fertilizer> potash fertilizer> phosphate fertilizer. Among them, when 4.6-9.1 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 15.2 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 8.4-16.8 kg of potash fertilizer were applied per acre, the yield and (R, S)-goitrin content of I. indigotica higher compared with the control group. All five biofertilizers significantly enhanced (R, S)-goitrin content, with the highest enhancement 144%.