目的：描述分娩相关的高心理应激水平产妇生理-心理-社会的特点；描述产妇在产后42±7天罹患各类精神障碍的情况及其危险因素；探索分娩相关的高心理应激水平与产后精神障碍的关系。
方法：在北京协和医院产科招募受试者，产妇分娩并签署知情同意书后收集社会人口学和产科资料，使用IES-R评估产后一个月应激水平，在产后42±7天使用EPDS、UPPSAQ-70、SCL-90量表评估并进行M.I.N.I.访谈。
结果：（1）分娩相关高心理应激水平组UPPSAQ-70、SCL-90、IES-R总分和各因子得分均显著高于低心理应激水平组；（2）产后符合任何一种精神障碍的发生率为20.42%，产后抑郁发作、焦虑障碍、强迫症、创伤后应激障碍的发生率分别为 17.96%、11.97%、4.58%、1.41%，共病率为58.62%；（3）既往精神心理疾病史、伴侣暴力、无体育锻炼、妊娠合并症和并发症、女胎是产后精神障碍的危险因素；（4）分娩相关心理应激水平与产后抑郁、焦虑症状均有显著正相关，分娩相关高心理应激水平产妇患抑郁障碍、焦虑障碍、强迫症的风险分别是低心理应激水平产妇的9.125倍、7.310倍、6.259倍。
结论：（1）分娩是具有创伤性质特征的生活事件，产妇的心理应激反应体现在生理-心理-社会多个维度；（2）产后各类精神障碍发生率高，且精神障碍共病率高；（3）对产后的心理应激水平进行评估并在早期进行全方位的干预是非常重要的。

Objective: To describe the physiological-psycho-social characteristics of parturients with high psychological stress level related to delivery; to describe the prevalence of mental disorders in women 42±7 days after delivery and explore the risk factors of postpartum mental disorders; to explore the relationship between high psychological stress level related to delivery and postpartum mental disorders.
Methods: Sociodemographic and obstetric data were collected in the department of Obstetrics of Peking Union Medical College Hospital after the parturient gave birth and signed the informed consent. The stress level of one month postpartum was assessed by IES-R，EPDS, UPPSAQ-70，SCL-90 were used to evaluate and M.I.N.I. interview was conducted 42±7 days postpartum.
Results: (1) The total scores and factor scores of UPPSAQ-70 and SCL-90 in the high psychological stress group were significantly higher than those in the low psychological stress group; (2) the incidence of any kind of mental disorder after delivery was 20.42%, the incidence of postpartum depression, anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder were 17.96%, 11.97%, 4.58% and 1.41%, respectively, and the comorbidity rate was 58.62%;(3) history of mental disorders, partner violence, no physical exercise, pregnancy complications and the female fetuse were the risk factors of  postpartum mental disorders;（4） There was a significant positive correlation between the level of psychological stress related to delivery and postpartum depression and anxiety symptoms. The risk of postpartum women with high     psychological stress level related to delivery suffering from postpartum depression, anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder were 9.125 times, 7.310 times and 6.259 times higher than those with low psychological stress level, respectively.
Conclusions:(1) Childbirth is a life event with traumatic characteristics, and maternal psychological stress response is reflected in multiple dimensions of physiology, psychology and society; (2) the incidence of postpartum mental disorders is high, and the comorbidity rate of mental disorders is high; (3) It is very important to evaluate the level of postpartum psychological stress and carry out comprehensive intervention in the early stage.