背景：妊娠期对于女性而言是一个特殊的时期，为了适应胎儿生长发育的需要, 孕妇的身体会发生一系列适应性的解剖和生理变化，与女性身体外观的社会理想直接冲突。加之即将到来的女性社会角色转变，女性的认知与情绪也会发生变化，从而更可能产生矛盾的心理，进而形成负面的身体意象。有研究表明，负面的身体意象不仅严重影响妊娠期妇女的身心健康，使其产生焦虑自卑情绪，同时也降低家庭和谐度，影响夫妻间的关系，降低妊娠期妇女的生活质量，从而影响母婴健康。但在国内尚未有人对这一问题进行关注，因此有必要在中国文化背景下，了解孕妇孕期的身体意象现状，探究影响孕妇身体意象的因素，为后续制定针对孕妇负面身体意象的干预措施提供参考。

目的：（1）描述孕妇身体意象现状;（2）探究与孕妇身体意象相关的影响因素。

方法：（1）第一部分采用访谈法，于2022年1月-2022年3月，以目的抽样法选取北京丰台区妇幼保健院的17例孕妇作为访谈对象。应用Colaizzi七步分析法进行资料分析。探究孕妇身体意象的影响因素。（2）第二部分为描述性研究，采用问卷调查法，便利选取2022年3月-2022年9月在北京协和医院建立围产期档案的孕晚期的妇女作为研究对象，采用自制一般资料问卷，中文版孕妇身体意象量表（BIPS），领悟社会支持量表(PSSS），简易应对方式问卷（SCSQ）收集所需资料，探究孕妇身体意象现状及影响因素。采用SPSS25.0来统计分析所收集的数据资料。

结果：（1）孕妇的身体意象总分为97.78±15.57。该量表的九个维度得分分别为：身体部位不满19.80±5.29，体力不满12.18±4.06，外表关注度12.82±3.34，面部特征不满10.13±2.93，对异性的吸引力11.18±1.90，因外表控制体重6.49±1.71，外表优于身体功能9.66±2.18，妊娠期生理变化不满5.19±1.81，外表相关躲避行为5.77±1.87。（2）孕妇的孕期增重、产次、家庭支持与孕妇身体意象得分显著相关（P<0.05)，多元线性回归分析显示，孕期增重（β=0.691，P<0.01)、产次（β=-6.819，P<0.05)、家庭支持（β=-0.804，P<0.05)为孕妇身体意象的影响因素。（3）孕妇身体意象总分与孕期增重（r=0.235），家庭支持得分（r=-0.183），产次（r=-0.188）具有显著的相关性，与孕期增重存在显著的正相关关系（P<0.01)，孕期增重越多，身体意象得分越高，身体意象水平越低；与家庭支持得分存在显著的负相关关系（P<0.05)，家庭支持得分越高，身体意象得分越低，身体意象水平越高；与产次存在显著的负相关关系（P<0.05)，生产次数越多，身体意象得分越低，身体意象水平越高。

结论：（1）本研究中孕妇身体意象处于中等水平，存在一定的负面身体意象风险，临床需给予一定的重视。（2）孕妇身体意象总分受孕期增重、产次、家庭支持的影响。其中孕期增重与身体意象呈现显著的正相关关系，即孕期增重越大，孕妇身体意象得分越高，身体意象水平越低。家庭支持与身体意象呈现显著的负相关关系，即家庭支持得分越高，孕妇身体意象得分越低，孕妇身体意象水平越高。产次与身体意象存在显著的负相关关系，即产次越多，身体意象得分越低，身体意象水平越高。应重视孕妇孕期体重管理，家庭支持。特别是对于初产妇，应给予更多的关注，帮助她们平稳的度过妊娠期。

Background: Pregnancy is a special period for women. In order to meet the needs of fetal growth and development, the body of pregnant women will undergo a series of adaptive anatomical and physiological changes, which directly conflicts with the social ideal of sexual body appearance. In addition to the upcoming change of women's social roles, women's cognition and emotions will also change, which is more likely to produce contradictory psychology and thus form negative body images. Some studies have shown that negative body image not only seriously affects the physical and mental health of pregnant women, causing them to have anxiety and inferiority complex, but also reduces the degree of family harmony, affects the relationship between husband and wife, reduces the quality of life of pregnant women, and thus affects the health of mother and baby. However, no one has paid attention to this issue in China, so it is necessary to understand the body image experience of pregnant women during pregnancy, explore the factors that affect the body image of pregnant women, and provide reference for the follow-up development of intervention measures against negative body image of pregnant women.

Objective: (1) To describe the status of body image of pregnant women; (2) To explore the influencing factors related to the body image of pregnant women.

Methods: (1) In the first stage, 17 pregnant women from the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Fengtai District, Beijing were selected as the interviewees by objective sampling method from January 2022 to March 2022. The data were analyzed using the Colaizzi seven-step analysis method. To explore the influencing factors of pregnant women's body image. (2) In the second stage, the convenience sampling method was used to select women in the third trimester of pregnancy who established perinatal archives in Beijing Union Medical College Hospital from March 2021 to September 2022 as the research object. The self-made general data questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Body Image Scale for Pregnant Women (BIPS), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and the Simple Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were used to collect the required data and explore the status quo and influencing factors of the body image of pregnant women. Spss 25.0 was used to analyze the collected data.

Results: (1) The total score of body image of pregnant women was 97.78±15.57. The scores of the nine dimensions of the scale were: dissatisfaction with body parts 19.80±5.29, physical strength 12.18±4.06, physical attention 12.82±3.34, facial features 10.13±2.93, attractiveness to the opposite sex 11.18±1.90, weight control due to appearance 6.49±1.71, appearance superior to body function 9.66±2.18, dissatisfaction with physiological changes during pregnancy 5.19±1.81, and appearance-related avoidance behavior 5.77±1.87. (2) Pregnant women's weight gain, birth times, family support were significantly correlated with their body image scores (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that weight gain during pregnancy（β= 0.691，P<0.01), parity（β=- 6.819, P<0.05), family support（β=- 0.804，P<0.05) is the influencing factor of pregnant women's body image. (3) The total score of body image of pregnant women was significantly correlated with the weight gain during pregnancy (r=0.240) and the score of family support (r=-0.183), and there was a significant positive correlation with the weight gain during pregnancy (P<0.01). The more weight gain during pregnancy, the higher the score of body image and the lower the level of body image; There was a significant negative correlation with the score of family support (P<0.05). The higher the score of family support, the lower the score of body image and the higher the level of body image. There was no significant correlation between body image score of pregnant women and parity (P>0.05).

Conclusion: (1) The body image of pregnant women in this study is at the middle level, and there is a certain risk of body image imbalance, which needs to be given some attention in clinical practice. (2) The total score of body image of pregnant women is affected by weight gain during pregnancy, birth times and family support. There is a significant positive correlation between weight gain during pregnancy and body image, that is, the greater the weight gain during pregnancy, the higher the score of body image of pregnant women, and the lower the level of body image. Attention should be paid to the management of pregnant women's weight during pregnancy.