十大功劳属（Mahonia）植物隶属于小檗科（Berberidaceae），在我国该属约有35种，其中特有23种，我国西南地区（四川、云南、贵州、广西及西藏东部）是其分布的多样性中心之一。该属植物中很多物种可做药用，阔叶十大功劳（M. bealei）和细叶十大功劳（M. fortune）的干燥茎作为药材“功劳木”被收载于《中国药典》（2015版，一部），台湾十大功劳（M. japonica）、长柱十大功劳（M. duclouxiana）等物种也被收载于各地方药材标准中，多具清热燥湿、泻火解毒的功效，用于治疗湿热泻痢、黄疸尿赤、目赤肿痛、胃火牙痛、疮疖痈肿等。

本论文首先对十大功劳属植物的国内外研究现状进行梳理，从本草典籍记载、植物分类与系统进化、化学成分及生物活性研究等几个方面进行归纳总结。然后，以药用植物亲缘学理论为指导，应用植物分类学、现代分子生物学（叶绿体基因组学研究）、化学分类学等多学科交叉的方法研究和探讨该属药用植物的亲缘关系。

对阔叶十大功劳的干燥茎进行化学成分研究，分离鉴定24个化合物，其中9个化合物为本植物首次分离得到。对阔叶十大功劳的乙醇提取物及主要化学成分进行抗氧化活性研究，发现阔叶十大功劳的乙醇提取物及8个化合物均表现良好的抗氧化活性。考察了阔叶十大功劳的乙醇提取物、盐酸小檗碱、盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀对H₂O₂诱导SH-SY5Y细胞损伤的保护作用，发现25 mg/L阔叶十大功劳的乙醇提取物对H₂O₂诱导SH-SY5Y细胞损伤的保护作用最强，盐酸小檗碱次之，并呈剂量依赖性。测定了阔叶十大功劳的乙醇提取物、盐酸小檗碱、盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀对LPS诱导RAW 264.7细胞生长活性的影响，发现各个浓度的给药组对各炎症因子有不同程度的抑制作用，阔叶十大功劳的乙醇提取物给药浓度为20 mg/L时，抑制作用最为显著，能明显抑制巨噬细胞释放IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、NO和PGE2，盐酸小檗碱次之，以上研究为十大功劳属植物抗氧化、抗神经退行性疾病、抗炎活性的应用提供了科学的数据参考。

对十大功劳属植物进行植物代谢组学研究，对其数据结果进行化学计量学分析，将十大功劳属12种植物分成2组，Group I和Group II，并将Group II中物种分为2个亚组，亚组A和亚组B。其中，峨眉十大功劳、小叶十大功劳、长柱十大功劳聚为一组（Group I），细叶十大功劳和鄂西十大功劳聚为亚组A，细梗十大功劳、宽苞十大功劳、阔叶十大功劳、台湾十大功劳、小果十大功劳、尼泊尔十大功劳、阿里山十大功劳聚为亚组B。第II组（Group II）中的物种其化学成分存在差异，各亚组内部物种的化学成分更为接近。结果表明十大功劳属下各物种的化学成分既有差异，又有相似，从化学分类学的角度阐释了物种之间的亲缘关系，表明了植物代谢组研究在化学分类学上的潜在价值。

对十大功劳属植物进行叶绿体基因组研究，经系统进化分析显示，十大功劳属植物共分成具有很高支持率的两个大分支I和II，峨眉十大功劳（M. polydonta）、长柱十大功劳（M. duclouxiana）、小叶十大功劳（M. microphylla）聚为一支，为分支I，其余多数种聚成分支II。在分支II中又分为2个亚支，即亚分支A和亚分支B，以上研究结果部分支持传统分类学的观点（Ahrendt系统）。如峨眉十大功劳、长柱十大功劳属于亚组Subsect. Dolichostyles，单独聚为一支（分支I）。在分支II中，阿里山十大功劳和尼泊尔十大功劳分别属于亚组Subsect. Siamenses和Subsect. Napaulenses可以得到确认。而细梗十大功劳、宽苞十大功劳、阔叶十大功劳、台湾十大功劳分别隶属Subsec. Japonicae、Subsect. Eulongibracteatae和Subsect. Dolichopodae亚组，共同构成一个单系类群。

整合植物代谢组学和叶绿体基因组学的研究结果，探讨十大功劳属植物、功劳木药材基原物种及其近缘物种的系统进化关系和化学成分相关性，揭示十大功劳属植物系统进化关系和化学特征，以及其遗传多样性和化学多样性的内在联系。初步阐明了十大功劳属植物的亲缘关系，为扩大功劳木的药材资源提供了数据支持，为合理开发利用本属药用植物资源提供了参考。

Species of genus Mahonia belongs to family Berberidaceae. There are about 35 species of Mahonia in China, 23 of which are endemic. Southwest region (Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Eastern Tibet) is one of the centers of its diversity distribution in China. Many species of the genus are used medicinally. Among, the dried stems of M. bealei and M. fortune are included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition). The dried stems of M. japonica and M. duclouxiana are also included in local standards of medicinal materials. They have the effect of clearing heat and drying dampness, purging fire and removing toxin, etc., and are used for the treatment of damp heat, diarrhea, choleplania, red urinary, sore red swollen eyes, stomach fire toothache, sore furuncle carbuncle swollen, etc.

In this paper, domestic and foreign research on Mahonia was reviewed firstly, including herbal records in ancient books, systematic classification and molecular evolution, chemical constituents and biological activities. Afterwards, guided by the theory of relativity of medicinal plants, the genetic relationship of medicinal plants in the genus was discussed by means of interdisciplinary methods of plant taxonomy, modern molecular biology (chloroplast genomics) and chemical taxonomy.

The chemical constituents in the dried stems of M. bealei was studied and 24 compounds were isolated. Among, 9 compounds were isolated from the species for the first time. The antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts and main compounds of M. bealei were studied. The results showed that ethanol extracts and 8 compounds showed good antioxidant activities. Then, protective effect of ethanol extracts of M. bealei, berberine hydrochloride, jatrorrhizine hydrochloride and palmatine hydrochloride on SH-SY5Y cell injury induced by H₂O₂ was determined. It turned out that 25 mg/L ethanol extracts had the strongest protective effect on H₂O₂-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury, followed by berberine hydrochloride, in a dose-dependent manner. In the meantime, the effect of ethanol extracts of M. bealei, berberine hydrochloride, jatrorrhizine hydrochloride and palmatine hydrochloride on the growth activity of RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS were determined. It was found that different drug dose had different degrees of inhibitory effect on the inflammatory cytokines. 25 mg/L ethanol extracts had the strongest inhibitory effect on the release of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, NO and PGE2, followed by berberine hydrochloride. And no relationship between inflammatory cytokine content and drug dose was observed. The findings could provide a scientific data reference for the application of antioxidant, anti-neurodegenerative disease and anti-inflammatory activities of species of Mahonia.

Plant metabolomics research was carried out on species of Mahonia. Based on the chemical constituents, 12 species of Mahonia were divided into 2 groups (Group I and Group II), and species in Group II were further divided into 2 subgroups (Subgroup A and Subgroup B). M. polydonta, M. microphylla and M. duclouxiana were aggregated into one group (Group I). M. fortune and M. decipiens (uncertain) were aggregated into Subgroup A. M. gracilipes, M. eurybracteata, M. bealei, M. japonica, M. bodinieri, M. napaulensis and M. oiwakensis were aggregated into subgroup B. There were some differences in chemical constituents in Group II, and the chemical constituents showed greater similarity within subgroups. The results indicated that differences and similarities existed in the chemical constituents of species of Mahonia. The findings revealed the genetic relationship of species of Mahonia from the perspective of chemical constituents, which indicated the potential value of plant metabolomics technology in chemotaxonomy.

The chloroplast genome of species of Mahonia was studied. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they could be divided into two branches (Branche I and II) with high support rate. M. polydonta, M. duclouxiana and M. microphylla were clustered into one branch (Branch I), the other species were clustered Branch II. Branch II could be further divided into two subbranches (Subbranches A and Subbranches B). The above results supported traditional taxonomic view partly (Ahrendt system). For instance, M. polydonta and M. duclouxiana belonged to Subsect. Dolichostyles, and were clustered into a single branch (Branch I). In Branch II, M. napaulensis and M. oiwakensis belonged to Subsect. Siamenses and Subsect. Napaulenses, which could be confirmed. Species of Subsec. Japonicae, Subsect. Eulongibracteatae and Subsect. Dolichopodae were clustered into a monogenic group.

Lastly, phylogenetic relationship and chemical constituent correlations were discussed at chloroplast genome and plant metabolome levels to reveal the phylogenetic relationships, chemical characteristics, and the internal relationships between genetic diversity and chemical diversity of species of Mahonia. The results elucidated the phylogenetic relationship preliminarily and could provide data support for expanding medicinal material resources of Mahoniae caulis and lay foundation for rational development and utilization of the medicinal plant resources of Mahonia.