梓（Catalpa ovata G. Don）是紫葳科梓属植物，主要分布于中国、日本和韩国，我国梓常分布于长江流域及以北地区，也有从日本引种栽培的，梓属果实称梓实，主要供药用配伍。《河北中药手册》中曾提及梓实可治慢性肾炎，浮肿，蛋白尿。现代科学研究证明梓实主要含有糖类、环烯醚萜类、苯乙醇苷类等成分，具有治疗抗炎，抗氧化和抗肿瘤等药理作用。

本论文运用多种色谱技术和波谱技术，并且结合化学方法，对梓实进行系统的化学成分研究，并对其进行了相关的活性研究。

从梓实的水提取物中共分离鉴定了98个化合物，其中有7个新化合物和91个已知化合物，分离得到的98个化合物中，包括环烯醚萜及苷类 (1^*-6^*, 8-46)，单萜、倍半萜和降倍半萜及苷类 (47-49, 52-54)，其他类 (50-51, 55)，芳香烃类（苯甲醛类，苯乙醇/苷类等）(56-96)，和糖 (7^*, 97, 98)。其中新化合物分别为：catalpovatins A-F (1^*-6^*)，isobutyl sophoroside (7^*)。

对梓实水提取物中分离得到的单体化合物进行了细胞毒、抗氧化和降糖的药理活性筛选。细胞毒性方面，采用了MTT法测定了梓实提取得到的98个单体化合物对人体六种人肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性测定。作用结果显示梓实中各个单体化合物均没有表现出细胞毒活性（IC₅₀ >50 μmol/L）。抗氧化方面，结果显示化合物36表示出一定的抗氧化活性。降糖方面，结果显示梓实中部分单体化合物均没有明显的降糖活性。

Catalpa (Catalpa ovata G. Don) belongs to Catalpa (Bignoniaceae), mainly distributed in China, Japan and South Korea, Catalpa is often distributed in the Yangtze River basin and the north of the region in China, some species have also been cultivated from Japan, the fruits of Catalpa ovate are mainly for the combination of medicinals. They are mentioned in the Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine Handbook, which can treat chronic nephritis, edema, and proteinuria. Scientific research had proved that the main components contain sugars, iridoids, phenylethanol glycosides and others, which showed various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-cancer, etc.

In this paper, a variety of chromatography and spectroscopy techniques were used to systematically study the chemical composition of the fruits of Catalpa ovate and their activities.

A total of 98 compounds isolated and identified from water extract of the fruits of Catalpa ovate, including 7 new compounds and 91 known compounds. Among the 98 isolated compounds, they included iridoids and their glycosides (1^*-6^*, 8-46), monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, desesquiterpenes and their glycosides (47-49, 52-54), other compounds (50-51, 55), aromatic hydrocarbons (benzaldehydes, phenylethanol/phenylethanol glycosides, etc.) (56-96), and sugars (7^*, 97, 98). The new compounds: catalpovatins A-F (1^*-6^*), isobutyl sophoroside (7^*).

The monomeric compounds isolated from the aqueous extract of the fruits of Catalpa ovate were screened for cytotoxicity, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. The MTT method was used to determine the cytotoxicity of 98 monomeric compounds extracted from the fruits of Catalpa ovate to six human tumor cell lines. The results showed that none of compounds showed cytotoxicity (IC₅₀>50 μmol/L). In terms of antioxidant activity, compound 36 showed moderate antioxidant activity. In terms of hypoglycemic activity, partial monomer compounds showed obvious hypoglycemic activity.